Electronic Hub

Relay Working In this article, the basics of a relay like energized relay and de-energized relay are explained in detail. Also, the design, construction, working, applications, and also relay selection is explained in detail. What is a relay?   A relay is an electromagnetic switch that is used to turn on and turn off a circuit by a low power signal, or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.  We know that most of the high end industrial application devices have relays for their effective working. Relays are simple switches which are operated both electrically and mechanically. Relays consist of an electromagnet and also a set of contacts. The switching mechanism is carried out with the help of the electromagnet. There are also other operating principles for its working. But they differ according to their applications. Most of the devices have the application of relays. Why is a relay used? The main operation of a relay comes in places where only a low-pow

What is Inductor and it's types Definition:  The inductor is a passive component which stores the electrical energy in the magnetic field when the electric current passes through it. Or we can say that the inductor is an electrical device which possesses the inductance. The inductor is made of wire which has the property of inductance, i.e., opposes the flow of current. The inductance of wire increases by increasing the number of turns. The alphabet ‘L’ is used for representing the inductor, and it is measured in Henry. The inductance characterises the inductor. The figure below shows the symbolic representation of inductor. The electric current I flows through the coil generates the magnetic field around it. Consider the magnetic field generates the flux Φ when current flows through it. The ratio of the flux and the current gives inductances. The inductance of the circuit depends on the current paths and the magnetic permeability of the nearer material. The magnetic per

Introduction to the Amplifiers An amplifier is used to increase the amplitude of a signal waveform, without changing other parameters of the waveform such as frequency or wave shape. They are one of the most commonly used circuits in electronics and perform a variety of functions in a great many electronic systems. Amplifiers as Parts of Large Electronic Systems For example look at the block diagram of an analogue TV receiver in Fig 1.0.2 and see how many of the individual stages (shaded green) that make up the TV are amplifiers. Also notice that the names indicate the type of amplifier used. In some cases the blocks shown are true amplifiers and in others, the amplifier has extra components to modify the basic amplifier design for a special purpose. This method of using relatively simple, individual electronic circuits as "building blocks" to create large complex circuits is common to all electronic systems; even computers and microprocessors are made up of milli

Difference between Step-up and Step-down transformer A   transformer is a static device which transfers a.c electrical power from one circuit to the other at the same frequency, but the voltage level is usually changed. For economical reasons, electric power is required to be transmitted at high voltage whereas it has to be utilized at low voltage from a safety point of view. This increase in voltage for transmission and decrease in voltage for utilization can only be achieved by using a step-up and step-down transformer. The major difference between step-up and step-down transformer is, step-up transformer raises the output voltage, whereas step-down transformer reduces the output voltage. Some other differences are explained below, in the form of a comparison chart, considering the factors: voltage, winding, the number of turns, thickness of conductor and application. Content: Step-up Vs Step-down transformer Comparison Chart Definition Key Differences Point to Reme

Thyristor Tutorial In many ways the Silicon Controlled Rectifier, SCR or just  Thyristor  as it is more commonly known, is similar in construction to the transistor. It is a multi-layer semiconductor device, hence the “silicon” part of its name. It requires a gate signal to turn it “ON”, the “controlled” part of the name and once “ON” it behaves like a rectifying diode, the “rectifier” part of the name. In fact the circuit symbol for the  thyristor  suggests that this device acts like a controlled rectifying diode. Thyristor Symbol However, unlike the junction diode which is a two layer ( P-N ) semiconductor device, or the commonly used bipolar transistor which is a three layer ( P-N-P, or N-P-N ) switching device, the  Thyristor  is a four layer ( P-N-P-N ) semiconductor device that contains three PN junctions in series, and is represented by the symbol as shown. Like the diode, the Thyristor is a unidirectional device, that is it will only conduct current in